Camera Shots and Moves

• The first camera movement is a tracking shot. A tracking shot is moving away or forward to the subject, this is commonly used in music shows.
• The second camera movement is a Crab or Crabbing. a Crabbing movement is moving sideways. This is used when people are walking.
• The final movement is a ped. This is when the camera is pushed down and so can get a low angle shot or if the ped is pushed up it could be a high angle shot.

Talk Backs and their use/protocol

• Each camera is on a wired cans, this much more efficient because they are wired into the camera so you do not need to worry about a wireless cans.
• The floor manager has a wireless cans
• most talking will be from the director
• If you want to call the director say "cam 2 to director" then wait.
• The overall use of a cans is so the director can talk to you and say if you shot is correct. It is basically a way for the director to tell you what to do.

Crew Roles and Responsibilities

Jobs

• Floor Manager (FM)- in charge of the studio floor. The FM is a representative of the Director on the floor.
• The director is god, the man in charge. 
• Camera Ops- operates the camera and must know the shots and be ready.
• Camera assisstant- helps move the ped
• Assissant Floor Manager.
• Talent- the presenters, guests, performers.
• Sound Ops- operates the boom and also makes sure that the sound levels are right.

 

Audio Control Room (People who are situated there)

• Senior sound ops
• Assisstant sound ops
• DVD ops (just SNC)
• Visual Control Room

Vision Mixer (VX) (people who are situated there)

• Director- Makes the show
• Producer- budgets the show says what got to be in the show, however he is not in the Visiual control room when it is being made.
• Camera Control Unit Operator
• Assisstant Director
• Lighting operator

Signal Flow

• Video
• Audio

Audio

• The signal flow in audio starts with the microphone
• it is then transmitted through a wire call a XLR or is also called a cannon plug. this wires are very resistant to electrical interference but not completely.
• The XLR then moves into the STOB box which will then connect to the audio room.
• the STOB box connects to the rack which is in the audio room.
• then finally from the rack to the audio mixer this is it penultimate destination, at the audio mixer the sound can be changed slightly.

• Each microphone has a channel and each has a fader on the audio desk
• The microphone signals are very weak and so will be amplified along the way to the audio room.
• Line signals are a much stronger as they are directly feeded into the audio mixer, usually on a line signal is a CD player or a MP3 player.
• You should use the audio mixer to get the right balance mix.
• The output amplifier is the overall master volume, this is on the audio mixer which is usually situated on the right hand side of the mixer and is a yellow slider.
• The audio mixer has 2 outputs one of which is programme out, as you can imagine this is a very important one as it is what people hear at home. the second output is the speaker output which is directed to the vision room next door. this will be the directors listening point so he can say if he doesn't like.
• The most important thing in the audio room is the VU meter as this tells you how weak or strong you signal is. This again is on the audio mixer it is the meter on the right hand side. The optimum sound level on the VU meter is 0 decibells however you want to aim for inbetween +9 and -12 decibells as if you have it to low then no one will able hear it and if to loud then will be distortion.

Video (Pictures)

• The signal first of all starts with the camera which captures the images. Once it has captured them it will send them through to the converter which will change the images into something the vision mixer will understand.
• Once the converter has had them it will send them through to the STOB box. The STOB box will send them through into the rack.
• The rack will finally send them through to the vision mixer.

• The vision mixer has 5 inputs (sometimes more), there is 4 cameras and a DVD player.
• There are colour bars which help to calibrate the colours of the screen.
• There is only 1 output of the vision desk and that is programme out or programme line or even final mix.
• One of the most important thing is the black. this is the default colour and so when you fade into something the colour will be black.

Camera walk through

• Video converter- converts it into something that the vision mixer will understand.
• The camera is mounted on a Pan and tilt head which allows it to smoothly tilt and pan.
• The pan and tilt head is mounted on the PED which is on wheels which allows the camera to move smootly and easily.
• When starting to record make sure all of the pan and tilt lock are off.
• The camera has some cables which go down the side of the camera these should always be in line with the camera so make sure they don't get twisted.

Camera Movement

• Tracking is moving away or forward to the subject
• Crabbing is moving sideways.
• ped is moving up and down.

Setting up a Show

1. Rig the lights
2. Set the set
3. Tweak the light levels (point)
4. Rig audio
5. Dress Set (water, etc)
6. Look at shots
7. Check microphones
8. Crew in
9. Crew on Cans communication (cans are communication between the crew)
10. Director will tell the crew what shots he wants
11. Real guests in
12. Final checks
13. Final checks of shot
14. Stop/Start rehearsal
15. Recording

Studio Equipment

• The grid is one of the main things in a TV studio it holds all the types of light which are used apart from the house lights which are the normal lights in the building
• A dimmer pack controls the power of the and so therefore can dim the lights.
• Overall the lighting desk controls the lights this is usally situated in the lighting control room.
• Square lights have flourescent tubes which are more efficient with power plus they also are much cooler and do not make the presenter get hot when doing the show.
• A Tungston light has a bulb which is circler
• The curtains which are used to cover up a dirty wall and gives a easyier colour to record on are called blacks
• A STOB box (Studio Terminal Out Box) controls the microphones and also control communications between the crew.
• An ideal floor for a TV studio would be concret as it is easy to move the camera around, carpet is not a good floor as it is thick and hard to move.
• The floor monitor shows the programme out
• A fire eixt and fire extinguisher should be fitted for safety
• A on air light
• Microphones, specifically shotgun microphones.
• A studio pedistal or a ped is wot a camera mounts on as these make the picture more smooth and less bumpy.
• On top of the ped is the pan and tilt head which can change the camera angel and tilt.
• The studio is the recording area.
• There are 2 control rooms, audio and visual. the audio room controls the microphones and the visual controls the camera.
• Vision mixing panel and light desk are in the vision control room